Glossary A to M

AINSWORTH

THE STRANGE SITUATION TEST

THE SECURE CHILD

THE INSECURE AVOIDANT CHILD

THE INSECURE AMBIVALENT CHILD

THE INSECURE DISORGANISED CHILD

ADLER

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY

SOCIAL FACTORS IN DEV. LIFE STYLES

SIBLING RIVALRY

AGGRESSIVE STRIVING AND THE DRIVE TO POWER

ORGAN INFERIORITY

MASCULINE PROTEST

HE DEV DAY HOSPITALS, THERAPEUTIC CLUBS AND GROUP THERAPIES.

FICTIVE GOALS

PSYCHIC COMPENSATION

HE INFLUENCED THE NEO FREUDIANS ,SULLIVAN,HOLMES,FROMM; USA.

ANDREASSON

SAPS

HALLUCINATIONS

AUDITORY

VOICE COMMENTING

VOICES CONVERSING

SOMATIC OR TACTILE HALLUCINATIONS

OLFACTORY HALLUCINATIONS

VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS

DELUSIONS

PERSECUTORY

JEALOSY

GUILT/SIN

GRANDIOSE

RELIGIOUS

SOMATIC

REFERENCE

CONTROLLED

MIND READING

BIZARRE BEHAVIOUR

POSITIVE FORMAL THOUGHT DISORDER.

DERAILMENT----ASSOCIATIVE LOOSENING, IDEAS SLIP OFF TRACK.

TANGENTIALITY-----------REPLIES IN AN IRRELEVANT <>OBLIQUE WAY

INCOHERENCE---------------INCOMPREHENSIBLE AT TIMES

ILLOGICALITY-------------SPEECH WHERE ILLOGICAL CONCLUSIONS ARE

REACHED

CIRCUMSTANTIALITY-----DELAYED AND INDIRECT REACHING ITS GOAL

PRESSURE OF SPEECH-------RAPID AND DIFFICULT TO INTERUPT

DISTRACTABLE SPEECH---INTERRUPTION IN SPEECH BY OTHER STIMULI

CLANGING----SOUNDS RATHER THAN MEANING GOVERNING CHOICE OF WORDS.

SANS;

AFFECTIVE BLUNTING

APATHY/AVOLITION

ALOGIA

ANHEDONIA /ASOCIALITY

ATTENTION

ASSAGIOLI

PSYCHOSYNTHESIS

ALZHEIMER

ANGELMAN S.

LEARNING DISABILITY; HAPPY DISPOSITION

ARFVEDSON

DISCOVERED THE ELEMENT LITHIUM IN 1817

1949 CADE USED IT IN MANIA

ASHER

1951 DESCRIBED MUNCHAUSENS

AYLLON AND AZRIN

DEVELOPED THE TOKEN ECONOMY

USES PREMPAKS PRINCIPLE- BEHAVIOUR OF HIGH FREQUENCY IS USED AS A REINFORCER FOR THOSE OF LOW FREQUENCY

Affect

pattern of observable behaviours which is the expression of a subjectively experienced feeling state (emotion) and is variable over time in response to changing emotional states

Agnostic alexia

words can be seen but not read

Agoraphobia

literally a fear of the market place. Generally high levels of anxiety and phobic symptoms. May include a fear of crowds, open and closed spaces and traveling by public transport

Alexithymia

difficulty in being aware of or describing one's emotions

Ambitendency

series or tentative, incomplete movements carried out when a voluntary action is anticipated.

Ambivalence

simultaneous presence of opposing impulses towards the same thing

Amnesia

inability to recall past experiences

Amok

seen in South-East Asia. Outburst of aggressive behaviour in which the patient runs 'amok' during a depressive episode

Anhedonia

inability to feel enjoyment

Anosognosia

lack of awareness of a disease

Automatism

act over which a person has no control e.g. sleepwalking

Autoscopy

phantom mirror image - hallucination in which one sees and recognizes oneself

Autopagnosia

inability to name, recognize or point on command to parts of the body

BALINT

ORT

BANDURA

MODELLING

VICARIOUS LEARNING

The subject sees the behaviour and reinforcement.

Perceived similarity or self efficacy.

BANNISTER [AND FRANSELLA]

REPETORY GRID DERIVED FROM KELLYS PERSONAL CONSTRUCTS THEORY. [ANXIETY RESULTS WHEN THE INDIVIDUAL IS PRESENTED W EVENTS OUTSIDE THE RANGE OF THEIR PERSONAL CONTRUCTS]

PERSONALITY DEV.

LOOSE AND INCONSISTENT CONSTRUCT SYSTEM CORRESSPONDS TO FTD IN SCHIZOPHRENIA. TIGHT W OCD.

DECREASED REDUNDANCY [PREDICTABILITY] OCCURS IN SCHIZOPHREIA.

BATESON

DOUBLE BIND

BECK

SILENT ASSUMPTIONS OR COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS ;NEGATIVE TRIAD ABOUT THE SELF WORLD AND FUTURE.

COGNITIVE THERAPY

REALITY TESTING [THE ABN BELIEFS]

RESPONSIBLE FOR INTRODUCING COGNITIVE THERAPY

DEPRESSIVE INDEX RATING SCALE

AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS SADO CAIMP BASIC TYPES OF ERRORS;

LOGICAL SYSTEMS ERRORS;

SELECTIVE ABSTRACTION

DICHOTOMOUS THINKING

OVERGENERALISING

CATASTROPHISING

ARBITRARY INFERENCE

MINIMALISING/MAXIMISING

PERSONALISING

BERSCHEID AND WALSTER 1974

MATCHING HYPOTHESIS

IN PRACTICE IND. SEEK PARTNERS OF SAME LEVEL OF ATTRACTION RATHER THAN HIGHER.

[HUSTON 73 SAYS THEYD LIKE THOUGH TO PAIR W MOST ATTRACTIVE]

BERGER

DISCOVERED THE EEG

BERNE

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

GAME ANALYSIS

SCRIPT ANALYSIS

ASSUMES 3 STATES OF FUNCTION;

PARENT [SUPEREGO]

ADULT [EGO]

CHILD [ID]

HE LOOKED AT THE WAY PEOPLE INTERACT IN TERMS OF GAMES.

BERNSTEIN

CONTRIBUTED TO UNDERSTANDING OF COMMUNICATIONS

BINSWANGER D.

PROGRESSIVE DEMENTIA . HX OF HT

BION WITH EZRIEL

ANALYSIS OF THE GROUP

BIONS BASIC ASSUMPTIONS;

DEPENDENCE--------EXPECT LEADER TO PROVIDE SOLUTION TO

ALL PROBLEMS

FIGHT FLIGHT-------FEEL THAT THE GROUP IS THREATENED

PAIRING----------------ASSUMING THAT A NEW LEADER WILL ARISE

CONTAINER AND CONTAINED; INFLUENCE W M. KLEIN.

WORK TASK

BIRLEY

WORKED W BROWN

BLEULER

DESCRIBED PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA

SIMPLE SCHIZOPHRENIA

LATENT SCHIZOPHRENIA

Formal thought disorder;

LOOSENING OF ASSOCIATION

DICS

DISPLACEMENT

CONDENSATION

SYMBOLISATION ABNORMALITY

4 AS;

AUTISM

AFFECT CHANGE

AMBIVALENCE- NB INCLUDING AMBITENDENCY

ASSOCIATIVE LOOSENING- THOUGHT DISORDER

ACCESSORY SYMPTOMS;

DELUSIONS

HALLUCINATIONS

CATATONIC SYMPTOMS

BOLBY

ATTACHMENT

SEPARATION

BRIQUETS SYNDROME

VERY RARELY OCCURSIN MALES

RARELY OCCURS IN MALES

BROCA

BROWN AND HARRIS

VULNERABILITY FACTORS

BURT

CONTRIBUTED TO UNDERSTANDING OF INTELLIGENCE

Blunted affect

reduction in emotional expression

CANNON-BARD THEORY

REGARDING THE PERCEPTION OF EMOTION

SAYS THAT THE SOMATIC RESPONSES AND THE EMOTION OCCUR AT THE SAME TIME.

CADE

DISCOVERED USE OF LITHIUM

CAFFE

FIRST DESCRIBED NARCOLEPSY

CAMERON

DESCRIBED;

ASYNDESIS ----LACK OF CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THOUGHTS.

METONYMS--IMPRECISE APPROXIMATIONS SUBSTITUTED FOR PRECISE ONES, THE PTS OWN PERSONAL IDIOMS.

OVERINCLUSIONS---INABILITY TO MAINTAIN THE BOUNDARY OF THE PROBLEM

INTERPENETRATION---OF THEMES

FRAGMENTATION

INCOORDINATION

CAPGRAS

HE DESCRIBED THE CAPGRAS SYNDROME CALLING IT ILLUSION DE SOSIE.LEVY AND VALENSI SUGGESTED THEY USE HIS NAME.

NEGATIVE MISIDENTIFICATION

CATTELLS TRAIT THEORY

CA 16PF SOCIABILITY,ANXIETY,INTELLIGENCE AS PERSONALITY DEMENSIONS

THESE ARE SECOND ORDER FACTORS LIKE E.S DIMENSIONS. HE DERIVED 16 1ST OREDER FACTORS FROM 20,000 WORDS THAT DESCRIBE PERSONALITY.

2 ORDER LIKE ENYSINCKS

CAUTELA

COVERT SENSIVISATION USED IN OCD AND SEXUAL DEVIANCES

CERLETTI AND BONI

FIRST ELECTRIC FITS IN CATATONIA

CHARPENTIER

SYTHESISED CPZ

CLIFTON CAPE

C. ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES FORE THE ELDERLY-LEVEL OF DISABILITY,PREDICTION OF NEEDS.

CONOLLY

TX WITHOUT MECHANICAL RESTRAINT

COOK

TO REDUCE PREJUDICE REQUIRES;

EQUAL STATUS

POTENTIAL FOR PERSONAL ACQUANTANCE

EXPOSURE TO NON STEREOTYPED INDIVIDUALS

A SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT FAVOURING EQUALITY

COOPERATION IN EFFORT

COTARD

CREUTFELDT-JAKOB

CRISP

WEIGHT PHOBIA AS AN ESCAPE FOR SEXUAL DEMANDS IN ADOLESCENT ANORECTICS

CROW

TYPE 1 SCHIZOPHRENIA

TYPE 2

CROWE

CONTRACT MARITAL THERAPY

USES THE GIVE TO GET PRINCIPAL

CULLEN

COINED THE TERM NEUROSIS

CUSHINGS

Capgras' syndrome

a person who is familiar to the patient is believed to have been replaced by a double

Central (syntactical) aphasia

difficult in arranging words in their correct sequence

Circumstantiality

slowed thinking incorporating unnecessary trivial details. Eventually the goal of the thought is reached

Clanging

speech in which words are chosen because of their sounds rather than their meanings. It includes rhyming and punning

Clouding of consciousness

the patient is drowsy and does not react completely to stimuli. there is disturbance of attention, concentration, memory, orientation and thinking.

Coenestopathic state

localiSed distortion of body awareness

Compulsions or compulsive rituals

repetitive, stereotyped, seemingly purposeful behaviour which is the motor component of obsessional thoughts e.g. checking and cleaning rituals

Concrete thinking

lack of abstract thinking, normal in childhood, and occurring in adults with organic brain disease and schizophrenia

Confabulation

gaps in memory are unconsciously filled with false memories

Cotard's syndrome

nihilistic delusional disorder in which, for example, patients believe that their money, friends or body parts do not exist

Countertransference

therapist's emotions and attitudes towards the patient

Culture - bound syndromes

specific psychiatric disorders occurring in non-Western populations

DA COSTA SYNDROME

DASHIELL

THE AUDIENCE EFFECT OF SOCIAL FACILITATION

DE-CLERAMBAULT

DESCRIBED EROTOMANIA

DELAY AND DENIKER

CONFIRMED CPZ SEDATIVE ROLE IN 1952.

DIOGENES

DOWNS

DUETSCH AND GERARD

2 TYPES OF CONFORMISTS [SOCIAL INFLUENCE]

INFORMATIONAL publically and privately

NORMATIVE to avoid social rejection

DURKHEIM

EGOTISTIC-------------POOR INTEGRATION/ISOLATION

ANOMIC-----------------POOR REGULATION/DISORGANISATION

FATALISTIC------------EXCESSIVE REGULATION EG PRISONS

ALTRUISTIC------------EXCESSIVE INTEGRATION

Déjà vu - illusion or recognition of a situation

Déjà pensé - illusion of recognition of a new thought

Delirium

disorder of consciousness in which the patient is bewildered, disoriented and restless. There may be associated fear and hallucinations

Delusions of infidelity

(pathological jealousy, delusional jealousy, Othello's syndrome) delusional belief that one's spouse or lover is being unfaithful.

Delusions of reference

the behaviour of others or objects and event (e.g. television broadcasts) believed to refer to oneself in particular. When similar thoughts are held with less than delusional intensity they are called ideas of reference.

Delusion

false personal belief based on incorrect inference about external reality and firmly held despite evidence to the contrary. Not explicable on the grounds of the patients cultural or social background.

Delusion (illusion) of doubles ( l'illusion de soises)

delusional belief that a person known to an individual has been replaced by a double. It is seen in Capgras' syndrome.

Delusional perception

new and delusional significance is attached to a familiar real perception without any logical reason.

Dementia

global organic impairment of intellectual functioning without impairment of consciousness.

Denial

defense mechanism in which the subject acts as if consciously unaware of a wish or reality.

Depersonalization

feeling that one is unaltered or not real in some way.

Depressive retardation

lesser form of psychomotor retardation which occurs in depression.

Derealization

one's surrounding do not seem real.

Displacement

defense mechanism in which thoughts an feelings about one person or object are transferred onto another.

Dissociative disorder

disorder in which there is a disturbance in the normal integration or awareness of identity, consciousness, memory and control of body movements.

Distractibility

attention is frequently drawn to irrelevant external stimuli.

DSM-IV

fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC (1994). Multiaxial classification with 5 axes.

Dysarthria

difficulty articulating speech.

Dysphoria

Unpleasant SAD mood.

EDWARD SYNDROME

EDWARDS AND GROSS

DESCRIBED THE ADS .

ELLIS

RATIONAL EMOTIVE THERAPY

THE THERAPISTS USES ARGUMENTS TO ATTACK THE PTS IRRATIONAL BELIEF SYSTEMS. IT ASSUMES THAT CHANGING ATTITUDE WILL CHANGE BEHAVIOUR.

EPLEY

AROUSAL REDUCTION THEORY

SEEKING THE COMPANY OF OTHERS LEADS TO AROUSAL REDUCTION

EKBOMS SYNDROME

ERIK ERIKSON

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEV. TAILRIGE

TRUST V MISTRUST 0-1

AUTONOMY V SHAME AND DOUBT 3

INITIATIVE V GUILT 5

INDUSTRY V INFERIORITY 5-12

IDENTITY V IDENTITY CONFUSION 13

INTIMACY V ISOLATION TEENS

GENERATIVITY V STAGNATION ADULT

EGO INTEGRITY V DESPAIR ELDERLY

MILTON ERIKSON

HYPNOTHERAPY

EYSENCK

-PERSONALITY THEORY, EPQ.EXTRAVERSION INTRAVERSION NORMAL AND NEUROTISISM.

CLASSIFIED DEPRESSION DIMENSIONALLY;PSYCHOTISM TO NEUROTISM

EPQ 90 ITEMS TRUE FALSE FORMAT, SUBJECTS ARE RATED AS EXRA/INTRAVERSIONS AND NEUROTISM.

OTHER TESTS OF OBJECTIVE PERSONALITY INCLUDE;

MMPI

CALIFORNIA PSCHOLOGICAL INVENTORY

HOSTILITY AND DIRECTION OF HOSTILITY QUESTIONAIRE

Echolalia

automatic imitation of another's speech.

Ecstasy

feeling of intense rapture.

Ego

part of the mental apparatus that is present at the interface of the perceptual and internal demand systems. It controls voluntary thoughts and actions, and, at an unconscious level, defense mechanisms.

Egomania

pathological preoccupation with oneself.

Eidetic image

vivid and detailed reproduction of a previous perception e.g. a photographic memory.

Elevated mood

mood more cheerful than normal. It is not necessarily pathological.

Erotomania (de Clérambault's syndrome)

patient holds the delusional belief that someone else, usually of a higher social or professional status, is in love with them.

Euphoric mood

exaggerated feeling of well-being. It is pathological.

Expansive mood

feelings are expressed without restraint, and one's self-importance may be over-rated.

Expressive (motor) aphasia

difficulty in expressing thoughts in words whilst comprehension remains.

Extracampine hallucination

hallucination occurring outside one's sensory field.

FALET

DESCRIBED FOLIE CIRCULAIRE

FAIRNBURN

O.R.T.

FECHNERS LAW

STIMULUS INTENSITY,

SENSORY PERCEPTION IS A LOG FUNCTION OF STIMULUS INTENSITY

FEIGHNER CRITERIA

6/12 ILL

PREDICT PROGNOSIS

RESTRICTIVE DEFINITION OF SCH.

ST. LOUIS CRITERIA

USED W THE RESEARCH DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA

FEIGHNER ALSO DESCRIBED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DEPRESSION

PRIMARY TO DEPRESSION/MANIA HX

SECONDARY TO ANOTHER PSYCH. ILLNESS

FERENCZI

TIME LIMITED GOAL DIRECTED THERAPY

FESTINGER

SOCIAL COMPARISON THEORY;

IN DIFFICULT SITUATIONS TAKING NOTE OF THE OPINIONS OF OTHERS

COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY;

ANXIETY IF 2 OR MORE ARE HELD BUT ARE INCONSISTENT.THE IND. IS INTRINSICALLY MOTIVATED TO ACHIEVE CONSISTENCY,BY CHANGING EITHER

A COGNITION

A BEHAVIOUR

ADDING NEW COGNITIONS

ALTERING ATTITUDE [BELIEFS,AFFECTS,BEHAVIOURS]

NB COGNITIVE DISSONANCE IS NOT ATTITUDE DISCREPANT BEHAVIOUR. THIS IS WHERE ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR ARE NOT CONSISTENT.THE ALTERATION IN ATTITUDE BRINGS ABOUT COGNITIVE CONSISTENCY.

COGNITIVE CONSISTENCY CAN OCCUR BY CHANGING EITHER COGNITION, BEHAVIOUR OR ALTERING ATTITUDE.

FOULKES

ANALYSIS THRU THE GROUP

ONE OF THE FOUNDING FATHERS OF GROUP ANALYSIS

ENCOUNTER GROUPS

FRANKYL

PARADOXICAL INJUNCTION/INTENTION

CLASSICAL EG IS MASTERS AND JOHNSONS AVOIDING SEX TECHNIQUE.ANOTHER EG IS PRESCRIBING SYMPTOMS TO PT!!!

EXISTENTIAL LOGOTHERAPY

FRANSELLA

FORMAL THOUGHT DISORDER

WORKED W BANNISTER

FREGOLI

RECOGNISING IMPOSTER IN STRANGERS.

IMPLIES POSITIVE MISIDENTIFICATION

FRENCH AND RAVEN

5 TYPES OF SOCIAL POWER carer

COERCIVE

AUTHORITY

REFERENT

EXPERT

REWARD

FREUD;

AFFECT TRAUMA MODEL,

TOPO. MODEL,

STRUCTURAL M.

DREAMING.

DREAM WORK.

PLASTIC REPRESENTATION

DISPLACEMENT

CONDENSATION

FIXED SYMBOLISM

RESISTANCE

TRANSFERENCE COUNTERTRANSFERENCE

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

LOSS OF LOVE OBJECT

LITTLE HANS [phobia of horses,?fear of castration]

ANNA O [hysterical paralysis after fathers illness wrote w breuer]

DORA

RAT MAN [obsessional preoccupied w bowels,chinese torture,bucket of rats to ass of prisoners]

WOLF MAN [concept of paranoia, kid watches parents having sex]

WRITINGS;

STUDIES ON HYSTERIA

INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS

the psychopathology of everyday life

3 ESSAYS ON THE THEORY OF SEXUALITY

REMEMBERING REPEATING AND WORKING THRU

MOURNING AND MELANCHOLIA

BEYOND THE PLEASURE PRINCIPAL

TOTEM AND TABOO REGARDING EXOGAMY

JOKES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE UNCONSCIOUS

GROUP PSYCHOLOGY AND THE ANALYSIS OF THE EGO

THANATOS v. eros

THE EFFECT OF COCAINE

PARAPRAXES;

Symptomatic

Disturbed

Completely inhibited

ANXIETY IS UNCONSUMMATED SEXUAL EXCITEMENT

IT REPRESENTED A REPRESSED LIBIDO.

ALSO A RELIVING OF THE BIRTH EXPERIENCE

ALSO A RESPONSE OF THE EGO TO EMOTIONAL TENSION

DEFENSE MECHANISMS R4D2S w equivalent conscious coping mechanisms.

REPRESSION-----------------------------------------------------supression

REGRESSION-----------------------------------------------------playfullness

REACTION FORMATION-------------------------------------substitution

RATIONALISATION-------------------------------------------logical analysis

DENIAL--------------------------------------------conc. Only on the current task.

DISPLACEMENT

SUBLIMATION

ANNA FREUD;

10 DEFENSE MECH

PROJECTION--------------------------------------------------------empathy

REACTION FORMATION

REVERSAL INTO THE OPPOSITE

REPRESSION

REGRESSION

UNDOING MAGICALLY WHAT ALREADY HAS BEEN DONE

INTROJECTION

ISOLATION-----------------------------------------------------------objectivity

TURNING AGAINST THE SELF

SUBLIMATION

NEO FREUDIANS

POST FREUDIANS

ELLIS [RATIONAL EMOTIVE THERAPY]

ERIKSON

FRIEDRICHS

5-15 Y OLDS

POST COLUMNS AND LATERAL COLUMNS

CARDIAC FAILURE

FREDA FROMM-REICHMANN

SCHIZOPHRENOGENIC MOTHER

Flat affect

almost no emotional expression at all -the patient typically has an immobile face and monotonous voice.

Flight of ideas

speech consists of a stream of accelerated thoughts with abrupt changes from topic to topic and no central direction. the connections between the thoughts may be based on chance relationships, verbal associations (e.g. alliteration and assonance), clang associations and distracting stimuli.

Formication

somatic hallucination in which insects are felt to be crawling under one's skin.

Free association

articulation, without censorship, all of the thoughts that come to mind.

Free-floating anxiety

pervasive and unfocused anxiety.

Fregoli's syndrome

patient believes that a familiar person, who is often believed to be the person's persecutor, has taken on different appearances.

Freudian slips (parapraxes)

unconscious thoughts slipping through when one is off guard.

Fugue

the individual wanders away from usual surroundings and has loss of memory.

Functional hallucination

the stimulus causing the hallucination is heard in addition to the hallucination. e.g. someone hears

GAGE-PHINEAS

SURVIVED IRON THRU FRONTAL SKULL

GANSER

VOIRBEIGEHEN

GERSTMANNS.

F.DAD; FINGER AGNOSIA,DISORIENTATION R-L,ACALCULIA,DYSGRAPHIA

NB CONSTRUCTIONAL APRAXIA NOW ALSO CONSIDERED

GESTALT [FRITZ PERLS]

GESTAULTEN=THE WHOLES

IE NEUROSES ARISE FROM SPLITTING BETWEEN THE MIND AND BODY.

PSYCHOLOGY-

WHOLE PERCEPTION

LAW OF SIMPLICITY

LAW OF CLOSURE

LAW OF CONTINUITY

LAW OF SIMILARITY

LAW OF PROXIMITY

FIGURE GROUND DIFFERENTIATION [THOUGHT TO BE INNATE]

GESTAULT THERAPY

SMALL GROUPS

AIMS AT IMMEDIACY OF EXPERIENCE AND AWARENESS

FOCUSES ON PRESENT FEELINGS AND THOUGHTS AND DIRECTNESS OF EXPRESSION.

HERE AND NOW

DRAMATISATION

I AND THOU

IT LANGUAGE

NO GOSSIPING

DIALOGUE

MAKING THE ROUNDS

UNFINISHED BUSINESS

EXAGERATION

REVERSAL

PERSONIFICATION OF BODY PARTS

GILLES DE LA TOURETTES

GJESSING

PERIODIC CATATONIA-CHANGES IN NITROGEN BALANCE ,TX W T3 .VERY RARE.

GOFFMAN

TOTAL INSTITUTIONS INCLUDE

ENCOMPASSING TENDENCIES

TIGHTLY SCHEDULED ACTIVITIES

SPLIT BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISORY GROUP

COMMUNICATION CONTROLLED BETWEEN INMATES AND HIGHERS

GOLDSTEIN

CONCRETE THINKING

GOLINS FIGURES

A PARIETAL FUNCTION TEST

GRIESINGER

UNITARY PSYCHOSIS [EINHEITPSYCHOSIS]

HE BELIEVED THAT ALL PSYCHOSES WERE MANIFESTATIONS OF THE ONE DISEASE

HE ALSO CALLED PSEUDOHALLUCINATIONS PALE HALLUCINATIONS.

GUINTRUP

ORT

GULL

DESCRIBED A.N.

Global aphasia - both receptive and expressive aphasia present at the same time.

HACHINSKI SCORE

IF GREATER THAN 7 IT SUGGESTS A VASCULAR CAUSE FOR DEMENTIA, RATING SUCH THINGS AS ONSET, PROGRESSION HYPERTENSION ETC.

HALEY

FAMILY THERAPY-ABC

STRATEGIC THERAPY;PROBLEM SOLVING

HALSTEAD-REITAN TEST

LONG BATTERY OF 5 TESTS TO ESTABLISH A DX OF DEMENTIA.

HAMILTON

17 ITEM DEPRESSION RATING SCALE

HARLOW

MOTHERING

CONTACT COMFORT

THE DRIVE FOR ATTACHMENT TO OBJECTS, HOLDING HAVING PRIMACY OVER FEEDING

WORKED ON CHIMPS

SOCIAL FACILITATION

FACILITATION OF TASKS WHEN CARRIED OUT IN THE PRESENCE OF OTHERS

[ALPORT ALSO DESCRIBED THIS]

HATFIELD AND TRUPMANN

EQUITY THEORY OF INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION. EQUAL COST BENEFIT RATIO.

HECKER

DESCRIBED HEBEPHRENIA

HEIDER

BALANCE THEORY

IND ATTEMPTS TO HARMONISE ATTITUDES, PERCEPTIONS AND BELIEFS

ATTRIBUTION THEORY

INTERNAL OR DISPOSITIONAL ERROR

EXTERNAL OR SITUATIONAL ERROR

PRIMARY OR FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR

HENDERSON

PSYCHPATHY 1937

THE INADEQUATE

THE AGGRESSIVE

THE CREATVE

HOBSON

SLEEP WAKE CYCLE THEORY

HOLLINGSHEAD AND REDLICH

PUBLISHED SC AND MENTAL ILLNESS

HOMANS

SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY OF INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION

OPTIMUM COST BENEFIT RATIO.

HULL

PRIMARY BIOLOGICAL DRIVES ARE ACTIVATED IN THE DRIVE REDUCTION THEORY WHERE THERE ASSOCIATED W A BASIS DRIVE.

PRIMARY DRIVES ARISE FROM HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCES VIA BRAIN RECEPTORS,

EG. HYPOTHALMUS AND EATING

MOTIVATION OF CERTAIN BEHAVIOURS IS TO REDUCE THE LEVEL OF AROUSAL

HUNTINGTON

Hallucination

false sensory perception in the absence of a real external stimulus. It is perceived as being located in objective space and as having the same realistic qualities as normal perceptions. It is not subject to conscious manipulation and only indicates a psychotic disturbance when there is also impaired reality testing.

Hallucinosis

hallucination (usually auditory ) occurring in clear consciousness. e.g in alcoholism.

Hemisomatognosis (hemidepersonalization) - limb is felt to be missing.

Hyperacussis - increased sensitivity to sounds.

Hyperaesthesia - sensory distortion in which sensations appear increased.

Hyperkinesis - overactivity, distractibility, excitability and impulsivity e.g in children.

Hypnagogic hallucination - hallucination occurring whilst falling asleep. Occurs in normal people.

Hypoaesthesia - sensory distortion in which sensations appear decreased.

Hypochondriasis - preoccupation, not based on a real organic pathology, with a fear of having a serious physical illness. Physical sensations are unrealistically interpreted as being abnormal.

IZARD

EMOTION

ICD-10

tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases published by the World Health Organization, Geneva (1992)

unconscious part of the mental apparatus which is partly made up of inherited instincts and partly by acquired, but repressed components.

Ideas of reference

see under delusion of reference.

Illusion

false perception of a real external stimulus.

Inappropriate affect

affect that is inappropriate to the circumstances

Induced psychosis/ folie à deux

delusional disorder shared by two or more people who are closely related emotionally. One has a real psychosis whilst symptoms are induced in the other. Separation results in symptomatic improvement in the one who is not psychotic.

Introjection and identification

ego defence mechanisms in which the attitudes and behaviour of another are internalised to help the person to cope with separation

Isolation

a defense mechanism in which certain thoughts are isolated from others

JAMES-LANG

EMOTION IS SECONDARY TO SOMATIC RESPONSES

JANET

DISSOCIATION IN HYSTERIA

INVOLVED W HYPNOSIS.

JANOV

PRIMAL THERAPY

ORIGINS OF NEUROSIS BIRTH TRAUMA

RELEASE PENT UP PAIN BY SCREAMING ETC.

JASPERS

DESCRIBED THE FOLLOWING EMOTIONS

APATHY

FREE FLOATING EMOTION

LOSS OF FEELING

CHANGE IN BODILY FEELING

CHANGES IN FEELING OF COMPETENCE

UNDESTANDABILITY-SYMPTOMS COULD NOT BE UNDERSTOOD AS RISING FROM THE PERSONALITY

HE CONSIDERED PSEUDOHALLUCINATIONS TO BE A FORM OF MENTAL IMAGERY

AND HENCE ARISING FROM THE MIND

JELLINEK

5 PATTERNS OF PATHOLOGICAL DRINKING

PATTERN OF DRINKING;

ALPHA-----------TO RELEIVE PAIN;PHYSICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL

BETA--------------PHYSICAL COMPLICATIONS; BODY BEAT UP

DELTA------------INABILITY TO ABSTAIN, DEFAULT FROM ABSTINANCE

EPSILON----------BOUT [EPISODIC] DRINKING

GAMMA-----------LOSS OF CONTROL

JUNG

ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY

WORD ASSOCIATION TEST

LIBIDO THEORY

INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS

UNCONSCIOUS

CAUSALITY

DREAMING

ARCHETYPES

ANIMA

ANIMUS

PERSONA

SHADOW

SELF

THE GREAT MOTHER

THE WISE OLD MAN

THE HERO

THE TRICKSTER

COMPLEXES

MENTAL OPERATIONS OF THE MIND-FIST

FEELING

INTUITION

SENSATION

THINKING

EXTROVERSION

INTRAVERSION

INDIVIDUATION

ACTUALISATION

Jamais vu - illusion of failure to recognise a familiar situation

Jargon aphasia - incoherent, meaningless, neologistic speech

KADINSKY

PSEUDOHALLUCINATIONS

KAHLBAUM

CATATONIA=TENSION INSANITY

KAHN

NAMED ANAKASTIC P.D.

KANNER S.

CHILDHOOD AUTISM

KASSANIN

DESCRIBED SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER

KELLY

PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY

ANXIETY RESULTS WHEN THE IND IS PRESENTED W EVENTS WHICH ARE OUTSIDE THE RANGE OF THEIR PERSONAL CONSTRUCTS.

PERSONALITY DEV.

KENDELL

PSCHOTIC NEUROTIC CONTINUUM WRT DEPRESSION CLASSIFICATION

KENDRICK BATTERY

DISTINGUISH NORMALLY FUNCTIONALLY IMPAIRED AND DEMENTED ELDERLY

KESSEL

DEFINED DS INJURY

KEW

COGNITIVE MAP ASSESS PARIETAL AND LANGUAGE FUNCTION IN THE DEMENTED

PREDICTS 6 MONTH SURVIVAL

KLEINFELTER

KLEIN

PRIMARY ENVY

OBJECT RELATIONS

PARANOID SCHIZOID POSITION

AGGRESSION

DEPRESSIVE POSITION

EARLY DEV. FRESP CAPRICE

Oral frustration

Oral envy

Oral sadism

Oral incorporation of fathers penis

Castration anxiety

Primitive superego emerges

Introjection of pain causing objects

Cruel superego devs

Ejection of the superego

ANALYTICAL PLAY TECHNIQUE.

DONALD KLEIN

INTRODUCED IMIPRAMINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF PANIC DISORDER

? ONE OF THE 1ST TO REPORT THE VALUE OF MAOIS.

1953 KLEIN CONFIRMED THAT RESERPINE WAS A TREATMENT FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA.

KLEIN LEVIN SYNDROME

KLEIST

CONTRIBUTED TO

CYCLOID PSYCHOSIS

ATYPICAL PSYCHOSIS

EPILEPTOID PSYCHOSIS

KLUVER BUCY SYNDROME

VISUAL AGNOSIA

HYPERORALITY

PLACCIDITY,INCREASED TOUCHING NOT RAGE

MEMORY IMPAIRMENT

HYPERSEXUALITY

KOCH 1891

INTRODUCED THE TERMS;

PSYCHOPATH

PSYCHOPATHIC INFERIOR

CONSTITUTIONAL INFERIOR

KOHLBERG

STAGE THEORY OF MORALITY

PRECONVENTIONAL MORALITY [0-7]

1 PUNISHMENT ORIENTATION

2 REWARD ORIENTATION

CONVENTIONAL MORALITY [7-13]

3 GOOD BOY GOOD GIRL ORIENTATION

4 AUTHORITY ORIENTATION

POSTCONVENTIONAL MORALITY [MAY NEVER BE REACHED]

5 SOCIAL CONTRACT ORIENTATION

6 ETHICAL PRINCIPAL

KOHUT

SELF PSYCHOLOGY

IT SAYS THAT EXTERNAL REATIONSHIPS MAINTAIN SELF ESTEEM AND COHESION

IT IS PARTICULARLY USEFUL FOR NARCISSISTS.

KORSAKOV

KRAEPLIN

PSCHOPATHIC PERSONALITY

DEMENTIA PRAECOX; SUBTYPES

PARANOID

CATATONIC

HEBEPHRENIC

COINED THE TERM DERAILMENT

HE SEPARATED DEMENTIA PRAECOX FROM MANIC DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSIS

KRAMER AND SPRENGER

WROTE THE WITCHES HAMMER

KRETSCHMER

PYNIC SOCIABLE AND RELAXED

ASTHENIC SELF CONSCIOUS AND SOLITARY

ATHLETIC ROBUST AND OUTGOING

DER BEZIEHUNGSWAHN-DELUSIONS OF SELF REFERENCE IN A SENSITIVE PERSON

KREITMANN

DEFINED PARASUICIDE

Klüver Bucy Syndrome - Placidity, hyperorality, hypersexuality, hyperphagia - resulting from bilateral destruction of the amygdaloid bodies of the limbic system

Knight's Move thinking - odd, tangential associations between ideas leading to disruptions in the smooth continuity of speech

LAING

THE DIVIDED SELF BOOK ON ANTI PSYCHIATRY

LANGFELDT

TERMS ASSOC W HIM INCL;

REACTIVE SCHIZOPHRENIA

PROCESS SCHIZOPHRENIA

SCHIZOPHRENIFORM

LASEGUE AND FARLET

DESRIBED FOLIE A DEUX

LEFF AND VAUGHN

LIFE EVENTS

ALSO STUDIED EES FOLLOWING BROWNS STUDY 1972.

CRITICAL COMMENTS

HOSTILITY

OVERINVOLVEMENT

GREATER THAN 35 HRS

DEATH OF A SPOUSE

DIVORCE

SEPARATION

PRISON

BEREAVEMENT OF PRIMARY RELATIVE

PERSONAL ILLNESS

MARRIAGE

LEIBERMANN

PHOBIC AVOIBANCE GRIEF

DENIAL GRIEF

RECURRENT NIGHTMARES GRIEF

LEONARD

DISTIGUISHED SCHIZOPHRENIA FROM CYCLOID PSYCHOSIS WHICH HE DESCRIBED AS A GROUR OF NON AFFECTIVE PSYCHOSES OF GOOD OUTCOME

NAMED BPAD

NON SYSTEMATIC CYCLOID PSYCHOSIS

BIPOLAR CYCLOID PSYCHOSIS INCLUDED;

MOTILITY PSYCHOSIS

CONFUSION PSYCHOSIS

ANXIETY HAPPINESS PSYCHOSIS

LESCH NYHAN

LEWEN

LEADERSHIP STYLES;

AUTOCRATIC

DEMOCRATIC

LAISSEZ FAIRE

LEWY

LHERMITTES SIGN

WHEN PT FLEXES HIS HAED SUDDEN ELECTRIC SHOCK DOWN SPINE,MS. AND OTHER CERVICAL DISORDERS.

LIDDLES SYNDROME

PATTERN OF SYMPTOMS IN SCH.

PSYCHOMOTOR POVERTY SYNDROME.

DISORGANISED SYNDROME

REALITY DISTORTION SYNDROME.

LIDZ

SCHIZOPHRENIA AND THE FAMILY ENVIRONMENT

DESCRIBED SCHISM AND SKEW

LIKERT SCALE

MEASUREMENT OF ATTITUDE 5 PT SCALE AGREE OR DISAGREE W STATEMENT

LITTLE ALBERT [NOT FREUDS LITTLE HANS]

DESCRIBED BY WATSON AND RAYNER

INDUCTION OF A PHOBIA USING C. CONDITIONING-WHITE RAT W NOISE.

LORENZ

IMPRINTING SEEN IN GEESE

Labile affect

affect repeatedly and rapidly shifts from one extreme to another e.g. from despair to elation

Learning disability

( mental retardation ) - IQ 70 or less

Logoclonia

last syllable of the word is repeated

Logorrhoea ( volubility )

fluent and rambling speech using many words

MAIN

ADULT ATTACHMENT INTERVIEW

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY

MALAN AND HOROWITZ

LEADING PRACTICTIONERS OF BRIEF DYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY

MARKS

DESCRIBED PHOBIAS IN 1969

MINNESOTTA MPI

SELF REPORTING OBJECTIVE TEST OF PERSONALITY

550 STATEMENTS

MONTGOMERY AND ASBERG

10 ITEMS DEPRESSION SCALE

MORENO

PROBABLY COINED THE TERM GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY

PSYCHODRAMA

FAILURE TO EXPRESS EMOTION

MAXWELL JONES

SET UP THE THERAPEUTIC MILIEU OF WHICH THE T. COMMUNITY IS A SPECIFIC TYPE

MASLOW

HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

INTEGRATES EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

SACEBELLSP

SELF ACTUALISATION NEEDS

ASTHETIC NEEDS

COGNITIVE NEEDS

[AUTONOMY NEEDS THE 2 ABOVE ]

SELF ESTEEM NEEDS

BELONGING NEEDS

LOVE NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

PHYSICAL NEEDS [LOWEST]

MCCLELLAND

A NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT EXPLAINS PLEASURE FROM MASTERY

THIS IS AN INTRINSIC MOTIVATION THEORY, THE ACTIVITY ENGAGED IN HAS ITS OWN REWARD.

MEDUNA

INITIATED METRAZOL INDUCED SEIZURES

MEYER -ADOLF

COINED PSYCHOBIOLOGY

HE REGARDED MENTAL ILLNESS AS THE REACTION OF THE PERSONALITY TO LIFE STRESS-TOTAL LIFE EXPERIENCE.

APOTREPIC THERAPY- EXPOSURE AND RESPONSE PREVENTION

MILGRAM

OBEY ORDERS TO SHOCK SOMEONE depends on

Presence of experimenter

Belief that the prior agreement was binding on the subject

Increased distance from the sufferer [or apparent sufferer]

MINUCHIN

STRUCTURAL FAMILY THERAPY

STRUCTURING

AS AGAINST MILAN SYSTEMIC AND HALEYS STATEGIC [problem solving]

MCNAUGHTEN

MONIZZ

DEVELOPED LEUCOTOMY AND CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY

MONRO

BLEEDING AND PURGING!!!!!!!

MOODY

NEAR DEATH EXPERIENCES

MOREL

DEGENERATES

DEMENTIA PRECOCE

MORGAN

DEFINED DSH

MOWRER

2 STAGE THEORY OF FEAR AND AVOIDANCE

INVOLVES BOTH CLASSICAL AND OPERANT CONDITIONING-EXPLAINS FORMATION OF PHOBIAS.

HE DEVELOPOED THE IDEA OF SECONDARY DRIVES [LIKE ANXIETY] RESULTING FROM GENERALISATION AND CONDITIONING IN THE DRIVE REDUCTION THEORY WHERE THE MOTIVATION OF BEHAVIOUR IS TO REDUCE AROUSAL ASSOCIATED W SECONDARY DRIVES LIKE ANXEITY.

MULLER LYER ILLUSION/PHENOMENON

AN ATTRIBUTION ILLUSION; A LINE W ARROWS OR FEATURES AT EACH END IS SUPPOSED TO LOOK LIKE A PERSON

MUNRO SYND.

Macropsia

objects appear larger or nearer

Made actions ( made acts )

delusional belief that one's free will has been removed and an external agency is controlling one's actions

Made feelings

delusional belief that one's free will has been removed and an external agency is controlling one's feelings

Mens rea

guilty state of mind at the time of a criminal act

Mental apparatus

id, ego and superego in psychodynamic terms

Micropsia

objects appear smaller or farther away

Mild mental retardation

IQ of 50-70 inclusive

Moderate mental retardation

IQ of 35-49 inclusive

Monomania

pathological preoccupation with a single object

Mood

predominant feeling state - in the extreme will effect the perception of external events

Mood congruent delusion

content of a delusion is appropriate to the patient's mood

Mutism

total loss of speech

From MULTIPLE sources INCLUDING lecture notes.

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